Divine right vs arbitration (1899)

"Divine Right vs Arbitration" is a compelling political cartoon by Udo Keppler, dated to 1899, which cleverly captures a moment of international discourse at the cusp of the 20th century. The artwork features an imposing, rotund figure, clad in an ornate uniform that mixes military and regal elements, emphasizing the theme of authority and power. This character, donning a helmet and equipped with a sword, attempts to stay connected to 'The Hague' via an early telephone, signifying communication with international powers or institutions.The cartoon vibrantly contrasts the concepts of divine right and arbitration. The figure’s cumbersome stance over crumpled papers labeled "Plan of Arbitration Submitted by the Czar," depicts the resistance of traditional sovereign powers against emerging global diplomacy and peace efforts, symbolized by the direct line to The Hague, a city known for its significant role in international relations and peace conferences.Keppler's work is rich with symbolism—the tangled telephone cord and the strained posture of the character suggest the complications and reluctance involved in the shift from unilateral monarchic divine right to structured, collective decision-making through arbitration. This piece not only reflects historical tensions but also comments on the broader struggle between old power structures and new mechanisms for resolving international disputes.