The four Evangelists (1614)

This striking painting, "The Four Evangelists," was created by the renowned Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens in 1614. It magnificently depicts the four authors of the canonical Gospels in the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Each evangelist is accompanied by their traditional symbols, all of which are found in the Christian iconography as derived from the Book of Revelation.On the left, we see Saint Matthew, typically symbolized by a winged man or angel, as he appears to be engaging in writing his Gospel under the guidance of a hovering angel who points to the intense deliberations occurring with his fellow evangelists. Next to him is Saint Luke, identified by the winged ox at his side. Luke writes attentively in a large book, embodying his role as chronicler of the Gospel.On the right side of the painting, Saint Mark, associated with a winged lion, attentively watches the debates among his counterparts. The lion, a steadfast symbol of resurrection and courage, glares proudly, emphasizing the passion Mark brings to his narrative. Finally, Saint John, recognizable by the eagle at his side, is portrayed with a serene yet inspired expression. The eagle, known for its keen vision, symbolizes the lofty and inspired nature of John’s theological writings.Rubens uses dynamic composition, vibrant colors, and dramatic lighting to bring an intense emotionality and majestic grace to this theological discourse. The draperies wave and flutter, adding movement and directing the viewer’s eye throughout the frame. Each figure is rendered with a robust humanity and distinct gesture, showcasing Rubens’ mastery in portraying complex human emotions and interactions.