Or bust (1912)

Udo Keppler's politically charged 1912 painting, *Or Bust*, is a vivid and profound critique of the political climate of its time. In this illustrative work, Keppler depicts a massive, powerful buffalo with the word "LINCOLN" emblazoned across its side, symbolizing the legacy and enduring spirit of Abraham Lincoln. The buffalo appears somber and dignified, standing stoically amidst a wild, natural landscape.Juxtaposing this majestic creature is a caricatured frog labeled "ROOSEVELT", who energetically leaps across the swampy ground. The frog, representing Theodore Roosevelt, embodies the Progressive movement, and seems to be attempting to move forward the log labeled "Progress", which lies on the murky ground of "Practical Politics".Keppler's choice of animals in this painting serves as a metaphor for the political attributes he ascribes to both figures. The strong, sturdy buffalo conveys the foundational, enduring values of Lincoln's era, while the agile frog represents the dynamic, sometimes unpredictable nature of Roosevelt's progressive reforms.*Or Bust* is deeply satirical, using bold imagery and sharp contrasts to discuss the tensions between traditional political values and progressive change. It invites viewers to reflect on the challenges of political evolution and the struggle to adhere to foundational principles while embracing necessary reform.