Unclean! Unclean! (1907)

The painting "Unclean! Unclean!" (1907) by Udo Keppler presents a vivid and compelling scene that powerfully addresses themes of ostracism and societal exclusion. In the image, an elderly man, appearing frail and emaciated, is seen descending steps while clutching a staff that bears the word "PUBLIC/MORALITY." His garments are tattered, and his expression is one of somber resignation.Around him, a group of hands reach out in gestures that suggest rejection and fear, emphasizing the man's isolation and the social distancing enforced upon him. These hands, disembodied and varying in their positions and levels of aggression, intensify the atmosphere of exclusion and emphasize the collective societal response to what they perceive as a threat to their moral or physical well-being.The title "Unclean! Unclean!" is a reference to the cries historically associated with lepers who were required to announce their presence in this manner to warn off healthy individuals. Keppler’s use of this cry as the title reinforces the theme of enforced isolation due to societal norms and fears, drawing a parallel to contemporary issues of moral and social ostracization.The dramatic use of color and the poignant facial expression of the central figure contribute to a strong emotional appeal, urging viewers to reflect on the consequences of societal exclusion and the human cost of maintaining perceived moral boundaries.