Lion Lying Down (1915)

Edvard Munch (12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) was a Norwegian painter who is widely regarded as a pioneer of Expressionism. His best-known piece, The Scream (1893), stands as one of the most recognizable images in Western art, representing modern anxiety and existential despair.

Munch’s formative years were overshadowed by illness and the deaths of close family members, experiences that profoundly shaped his artistic perspective. His fear of inheriting a familial mental illness also weighed heavily on his mind and influenced the subjects of his art, which frequently delved into themes of human emotion, mortality, and isolation.

He attended the Royal School of Art and Design in Kristiania (now Oslo), where he became part of a group of bohemian artists and intellectuals. Among his key influences was the nihilist Hans Jæger, who urged Munch to channel his inner emotions and psychological experiences through his artwork—a practice Munch referred to as "soul painting."

Over the course of his career, Munch developed a unique style marked by vivid colors, dynamic lines, and an emphasis on the psychological depth of his subjects. His groundbreaking techniques had a significant impact on later artists and artistic movements, and his influence remains strong in the realm of modern art.