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Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita was a distinguished Dutch graphic artist whose career reached its height between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He earned considerable acclaim for his expressive woodcuts, prints, and drawings, which frequently depicted animals, botanical elements, and imaginative themes. His artwork is noted for its elaborate detail, pronounced contrasts, and stylized, often fantastical motifs.

In addition to his own artistic achievements, de Mesquita made an important contribution as a teacher and mentor—most famously to the acclaimed graphic artist M. C. Escher (1898–1972), who was once his student. Escher acknowledged that de Mesquita greatly influenced his formative years as an artist, especially in the disciplines of printmaking and drawing. This mentor-student bond left a lasting mark on Escher’s distinguished career.

As a Sephardic Jew residing in the Netherlands, de Mesquita suffered profoundly as a result of the Nazi regime's rise during the Second World War. In his later years, both he and his wife were forcibly transported to Auschwitz, where they lost their lives during the Holocaust. This tragic end brought a sorrowful close to the life and career of an artist whose work had contributed significantly to Dutch cultural heritage.

Although Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita once enjoyed great recognition within the Dutch art scene, his legacy diminished in the aftermath of the war. For a considerable period, his accomplishments were largely overlooked and faded into obscurity. Recently, however, renewed interest from scholars and art enthusiasts has led to efforts to acknowledge and reclaim his place in the history of art.