Conductor with violins and smoking chimneys behind (1895)

Jan Toorop (1858–1928) was a distinguished painter of Dutch-Javanese descent whose rich background and refined artistic vision allowed him to explore a remarkable variety of styles over the course of his career. Born in Java, within the Dutch East Indies, and later based in the Netherlands, Toorop made substantial contributions to European art at the dawn of the 20th century.

Throughout his artistic evolution, Toorop engaged with Realism, Impressionism, Symbolism, Pointillism, and, most famously, Art Nouveau. He often drew inspiration from traditional Indonesian designs, infusing his work with highly stylized, elongated figures and energetic, flowing lines. This distinctive blend gave his art a striking, almost mystical aura that distinguished him from many of his peers.

Among his most famous pieces is the renowned “Delft Salad Oil” poster, designed for The Dutch Oil Company. With its swirling decorative forms and graceful, stylized depictions of women, this work became so closely associated with Dutch Art Nouveau that the movement is affectionately referred to as "the salad oil style." The poster stands as a pinnacle of commercial art and testifies to Toorop’s profound influence on graphic design and Dutch visual culture.

In addition to his acclaimed advertising creations, Jan Toorop produced fine art that tackled complex, often somber subject matter. Many of his paintings explore the depths of the human mind, confronting intense emotions and spiritual quandaries. Toorop’s artistic influence persists not only in museums and galleries but also in the inspiration he provided to future generations of artists and designers.